Library>Travel in China>Protected Sites>Class Ⅲ>Contructions

Site of Lushun Prison

The Lvshun Prison is located on Yuanbao Lane in the old city of Lvshunkou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province.

The Lvshun Prison was a den controlled by fascists where Chinese people were slaughtered when Russian and Japanese imperialists ruled Lvshun and Dalian. The prison was erected by Russian invaders in 1898. Having captured Lushun and Dalian, Japan rebuilt the prison in 1907 and expanded it from 85
to 253 cells, with a capacity of over 2,000. Covering more than 26,000 square meters, the prison is surrounded by red brick walls four meters high and 725 meters long. The invaders also occupied vast areas outside the prison where they built residences, bringing the total area to over 226,000
square meters.

An office building stands in front of the prison area, and through the central gate, to the left, right and in the middle, are prison houses. A lookout tower was built at the point where the houses converge, enabling guards to monitor the area in three directions simultaneously; Iron bars were
also used to divide the floors for optimal monitoring capability. Four dark underground cells were built especially for revolutionists.

In addition to the many forms of torture committed within the prison walls, it also served as a hard-labor camp. Over 15 factories were erected there, including machine building, printing, iron-casting, woodcutting and textile-weaving factories. Prisoners were forced to produce munitions and
commodities for the invaders. The gallows–a single, two-storied building–were constructed in the southeast corner of the prison area. Incomplete statistics indicate that about 700 communists and revolutionists were hanged on the second floor between 1942 and 1945. The exact number of people
murdered during the seven-year Russian rule and 40 years of the Japanese occupation is unknown.

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Library>Travel in China>Protected Sites>Class Ⅲ>Contructions

Guangyue Building

The Guangyue Building is located at the center of the old city of Liaocheng, Shandong Province.

Built in 1374 in the early Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the Guangyue Building, commonly known as the remnant-wood building, was constructed with the remaining materials used for city walls.

The Guangyue Building was built on a brick base nine meters high, bringing its total height to 33 meters. It covers an area of 1,238 square meters. Imitating a wooden structural construction, the four-storied building has five rooms and is 24 meters high. Its gable and hip roof with a cross-shaped
ridge, eaves that protrude like wings and winding corridors that connect each section reflect a transitional architectural style from the Song (960-1127)-Yuan (1271-1368) to the Ming and Qing (1644-1911) Dynasties. In the building are over 20 stone tablets with inscriptions made during renovations
in the Qing Dynasty. The inscriptions feature the handwriting of Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong, making them precious cultural relics.

The Guangyue Building is the key symbol of the ancient town of Liaocheng.

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Library>Travel in China>Protected Sites>Class Ⅲ>Contructions

Chaoyang North Tower

The Chaoyang North Tower is located on North Tower Street of Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province.

The Chaoyang North Tower was originally a square-brick, 13-storied tower with a double-eaved roof at a height of 41.8 meters. There was an arched doorway on the south side that led to the inside of the tower, but later walls were built around the tower base and the ground floor, sealing off the
opening. Each of the four sides has a sitting Buddha embossed in the center with kneeling Bodhisattvas facing each other. Embossed next to the Bodhisattvas are small towers with names carved in regular script. Above the Buddha and Bodhisattvas are several carved figures, such as the flying
Apsaras.All of the embossments follow the theme of Buddha from Five Directions, Eight Bodhisattvas and Eight Towers, often seen on Buddhist towers of the Liao Dynasty (916-1125).

The south side of the tower has an actual doorway, while the other three sides are merely adorned with doors with no openings. The tower is tall and straight with many layered eaves. The North Tower possesses the distinct features of Tang Tower and its bricks are like those found in local Tang
tombs. Relics from Tang Dynasty (618-907), such as pottery Buddha head, were also unearthed at the site. It is therefore said that the North Tower was built during the Tang Dynasty and that the outer walls were added during the Liao Dynasty.

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Library>Travel in China>Protected Sites>Class Ⅲ>Tombs

Two Mausoleums of Southern Tang

The Two Mausoleums of the Southern Tang Dynasty (907-960) — including the Qinling Mausoleum of Li Bian, Emperor of the early Southern Tang Dynasty and his queen, and the Shunling Mausoleum of Li Jing, Emperor of the mid Southern Tang Dynasty and his wife — are located in Wangjiafen Village south
of Gaoshan Mountain of Dongshanqiao Village, Jiangning County (southwest of Zutang Mountain outside Zhonghua Gate of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province). The two mausoleums — Qinling Mausoleum in the east and Shunling Mausoleum in the west — are located 100 meters away from each other, and were
excavated in 1950-1951.

With a round mound on top, the Qinling Mausoleum is 21.48 meters long, 10.45 meters wide and 5.3 meters high. Its passageway is 19 meters long and four meters wide. The coffin chamber has three main rooms and 10 side rooms, including brick front and the middle chamber rooms and a stone back room.
The chamber gate and the room walls are engraved with pillars adorned with lotus, peony and cloud patterns. The roof of the back chamber was painted with astronomical phenomena; the floor was paved with black stone plates representing the sky and earth. All four sides of the coffin display
paintings of dragons with three claws and rows of flowers. The gate lintel was painted with two dragons playing with pearls.

The Shunling Mausoleum of Li Jing is 21.9 meters long, 10.12 meters wide and 5.42 meters high. There are also three main rooms and eight side rooms, all made of brick. The mausoleum’s construction is similar to that of the Qingling Mausoleum, only smaller. The colored paintings on the pillars and
walls were eroded by rainwater and silt.

Over 600 antiques were unearthed at the two mausoleums, including a jade memorial record with gold inlays. As the most valuable relic, it records memorial speeches given by emperors. It is an important factor in determining the social status of the mausoleum owners.

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Library>Travel in China>Protected Sites>Class Ⅱ>Sites

Shangjing Huiningfu Site of Jin Dynasty

The Shangjing Huiningfu Site of the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) is located 2 kilometers south of the Echeng County in Heilongjiang Province.

The site, close to Baicheng City on the left bank of the Eshi River, was the early capital of the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). During the period from 1115 to 1153, Huijingfu remained the capital of the Jin through the reigns of Emperor Taizu, Emperor Taizong, Emperor Xizong, and Emperor Hailing,
lasting 38 years. It was also the seat of Shangjing and Huiningfu. The emperor added the title of Shangjing to its name in the first year (1138) of the Tianjuan reign.

Huijingfu City consists of a south city, a north city and an imperial palace. With a perimeter of about 11 kilometers, the city had defense facilities such as watchtower, turrets and city moat. After 700 to 800 years, the remains of city walls are 3-4 meters high. To the east of the city was a
small city built in the Jin Dynasty. Legend has it that Emperor Huizong and Emperor Qinzong of the Song Dynasty (960-1279) were imprisoned in this small city after they were defeated in the Jingkang War against the Jin Dynasty. The imperial palace was built in the 2ndyear (1124) of the Tianhui
reign to the west of the south city, imitating the style of Bianjing City, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127).

Well-preserved relic sites include walls of the south and north cities, and the 5 constructions in the imperial palace. Shatters of yellow and green glazed tiles scatter in the site. Iron-smelting workshops have been found in the north city, together with relics including iron armors, copper
mirrors, stone mortars and pottery wares. Workshops, markets and residences should have been built in this area.

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Library>Travel in China>Protected Sites>Class Ⅱ>Contructions

Garden of the Master of the Nets

The Garden of the Master of the Nets is located in Kuojiatou Alley in the south of Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province.

Once the former site of Wanjuan Hall in the Chunxi reign (1173) of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), the Garden of the Master of the Nets occupies a large area. The garden was called Yuyin and later fell into disuse. In the 30th year (1765) of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty
(1644-1911), Song Zongyuan, a retired official, bought a part of the garden during his seclusion, and rebuilt it. It is said that Song Zongyuan had had enough of bureaucracy and would like to become a fisherman in his retirement. He named himself Yuweng (fisherman) after the name Yuyin. Because
the garden is close to Wangshi (master of the nets) Alley, it was called Garden of the Master of the Nets. The garden was destroyed again at the end of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty. After several repairs, the overall arrangement we see today came into being gradually. In the Republic of
China, Ye Gongchuo, Zhang Shanzi and Zhang Daqian once lived here, and the two Zhangs fostered a young tiger for sketching.

The garden is divided to two parts, residential area and garden. The east one is the residential area, with a gate facing to the south. When entering the gate, one can come to side rooms for sedan-chair lackeys, guest reception and living quarters. The doors and windows in each hall are carved
delicately, and rockeries are laid outside the windows. Flowers can be seen everywhere. This building is a representative of medium-sized mansions in ancient Suzhou City.

The garden lies in the west and the north of the residential area, and occupies about four fifths of the whole area. There are two gates leading from the residential area to the garden. According to its structure, the garden can be divided to three parts: the south, the central and the north.

The southern buildings form a small yard for dwelling and eating. Several main buildings are three bays wide, with winding corridors and yellow stone rockeries around, and it look like a deep and remote maze.

Because of devious corridors, and conceding, contrasting and foiling technics, with a spacious pond in the center and with kiosks, doors and windows, pavilions and corridors around, the interspaces look very remote and winding despite of obturation. It becomes the main sight in the garden. The
pond is almost square, and on the waterside stand the Sheya Corridor, the Zhuoyinshui Pavilion and a small stone bridge, making the pond look wider.

The building complex in the south comprises of several yards. The yards are bright and clean, beautiful and quiet. They are suitable for reading and painting.

A small door is opened in the west of the garden and outside lies a quiet yard planted with Chinese herbaceous peonies. In the north of the yard is a study, and in the south is the Lengquan Pavilion and the Hanbi Spring, interlaced with beautiful plums, bamboos, banana trees and stones from the
Taihu Lake. A huge and simple Lingbi Stone is placed in the Lengquan Pavilion. It is said to be a relic in the old residence of Tang Yin, a painter in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).

The composition of Garden of the Master of the Nets is actually uninterrupted. Paths are everywhere, devious, natural and endless. These buildings and the water pond serve as a foil to each other. The arrangement is compact, and the structure is ingenious. The garden is worth the reputation of the
representative of Suzhou gardens.

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Library>Travel in China>Protected Sites>Class Ⅱ>Revolutionary Sites

Site of the Heavenly-King Palace of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

The site of the Heavenly-King Palace of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is located at No. 292, Changjiang Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province.

The Palace was once a prince’s residence in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and later was transformed to a government office of the Jiangxi-Jiangsu (Liangjiang) governor in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). On March 19, 1853, Taiping army seized Nanjing as its capital. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
renamed Nanjing as Tianjing, began to build palaces on the basis of the office of the Jiangxi-Jiangsu governor and changed it into the palace of Heavenly King Hong Xiuquan. In 1951, a monument with words saying Monument For the Uprising of the Heavenly Kingdom was put up in front of the screen
wall of the Heavenly King’s Palace to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the uprising of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Guo Moruo wrote the epigraph, providing a chance for tourists to remember the peasants’ kingdom in Chinese history.

The Heavenly King’s Palace is a most magnificent and large-scaled architecture of the kingdom, covering an area of more than 10 Li. It has two walls around the city and each of them is about seven meters high. The city is divided into two parts: the inner city and the outer city, which are named
Sun City and Golden Dragon City respectively. The front door of the Sun City is Tianchao Gate, in front of which is the imperial groove (Yu Gou). The imperial groove is 6.6 meters long and wide as well, with a bridge over it. A tablet engraved with Chinese characters Tianchao stands in front of
the bridge. The front door of the Golden Dragon Gate is Shengtian Gate, and two three-storeyed buildings for royal court stand on either side of Shengtian Gate. Golden Dragon Palace is in the center of the Golden Dragon City, behind which are the Second Palace, the Third Palace and imperial
gardens. The Golden Dragon Palace is very grand with double-eaves on the roof and colorful images of dragons, tigers and lions on the walls. On both sides of the Golden Dragon Palace are East and West Gardens. In July 1864, Zeng Guoquan and his army captured Tianjing, plundered heavily in the city
and even burnt the Heavenly King’s Palace. So only West Garden, Main Hall, Warm Pavilion and corridors remain extant today.

The West Garden within the Heavenly King’s Palace underwent repair many times after the Qing Dynasty. Some of the views such as Hexagon Pavilion, Fangsheng Pavilion, Wangting Pavilion and the stone pai-lou in the pool, remain unchanged. Some of the Heavenly Kingdom’s cultural relics such as the
horizontal inscribed board and pedestal of Hong Xiuquan’s Lunyin Tablet and stone drums were once discovered in the pool and on the rockeries of the West Garden.

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Library>Culture ABC>Sports>Athletes

Zheng Haixia

Zheng Haixia, 6 feet and 8 inches tall, is by far the best women basketball player inChina, leading the Chinese national team to several championships.

Zheng was born in the city ofTuochenginCentral China’sHenanProvinceonMarch 7, 1967. She started to practice basketball at the age of 12 and was selected by the Wuhan Army club team one year later. In 1983, she entered the national team.

In 1983, Zheng make her debut at the World Basketball Championships and finished 3rd. The following year, she and her teammates finished 1stin Asian Junior Basketball Championships and 2ndin the 23rdOlympic Games.

In 1986, she led the Chinese team to fifth in the 10thWorld Championships, 1stin Asian Games, 1stin World University Games and 2ndin World Championships.

In 1992, she inspired her teammates to win the silver in the Barcelona Olympics. The following year, she won the East Asian Games, the World University Games and National Games.

In 1994, she claimed the titles in the Asian Championships and ranked 2ndin the World Championships, being named MVP of the event by averaging 26.4 points, 13.1 rebounds and shooting 83.5% from the field.

One year later, she and her teammates retained their title in the 16thAsian Championships. In 1995, Zheng helpedChinato win the Asian Championships again.

In 1996, she made her fourth Olympic appearance inBarcelona, averaging 18.1 points, 9 rebounds. One year later, she won the 8thNational Games with the PLA team.

After that event, she retired from the national team and went to play with the Los Angeles Sparks in the WNBA in theUnited States. At the end of 1998, she returned toChinaand began to coach the PLA women’s team.

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Library>Culture ABC>Sports>Athletes

Li Ning

Li Ning, the Prince of Gymnastics, is by far one of the best gymnasts in the world. He collected 3 golds, 1 silver and 1 bronze in Olympics, 2 golds, 5 silvers and 4 bronzes in the World Championships and 9 golds, 2 bronzes in World Cup.

Li was born in the city of Liuzhou in Southwest China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region on September 8, 1963. He began to practice gymnastics at the age of 8.

Ten years later, Li shocked the world by sweeping the floor exercise, pommel horse and the rings titles in the World University Games.

The following year, Li reached the peak of his gymnastic career, collecting 6 of the all 7b golds in the World Cup held in Yugoslavia, a wonder in the world gymnastic history.

In 1983, he led his teammates to beat the USSR that had dominated the world gymnastics for many years to claim the men’s team title in the 22ndWorld Gymnastics Championships.

One year later, Li Ning grasped three gold medals, in floor exercise, pommel horse and the rings in the 23rdOlympic Games. In the 1986 Asian Games, he collected 4 gold medals and two silvers for the Chinese delegation.

Li was expected to win more Olympic medals at the 1988 Games. Unfortunately, he injured his ankle during the team competition and retired after the event. After retirement, Li decided to focus his energies on business and joined the Jianlibao Group in Guangdong Province.

In 1990, he set up the Beijing Lining Sports Goods Co., Ltd. and began to show his business talent. After several years’ of development, the company has become one of the largest sports goods companies in China.

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Library>Culture ABC>Sports>Organization

Chinese Wrestling Association

The Chinese Wrestling Association, a national non-governmental organization based in Beijing, was founded in 1956. It is a member of the All-China Sports Federation. In 1974, it became a formal member of the International Federation of Amateur Wrestling.

Tasks of the Chinese Wrestling Association are:

* to organize public activities and interests in the sport of wrestling and improve health condition of the Chinese people;

* to coordinate and organize international games and promote international exchanges;

* to organize competitions on a national scale;

* to organize training programs for athletes, coaches and judges;

* to formulate management rules on athletes and coaches and work out competition system;

* to formulate standards on the evaluation of athletes, coaches and judges;

* to select and recommend athletes and coaches for the national teams;

* to organize training of the national teams and their participation in international games;

* to conduct research programs.

There are National Congress of Wrestling Representatives, National Committee, Secretariat, Technical Committee, Coaches Committee, Research Committee, Publication and Discipline Committee, and Doping Control Committee under the association.

Address: No.9 Tiyuguan Road, Chongwen District, Beijing 100763, China

Tel: 86-10-6702 1308, 86-10-6702 0296

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